How to Set Up a Wireless Router

Many people end up frustrated and confused when trying to set up a wireless router themselves. They usually attempt to follow the setup CD or instructions that came with the router and end up giving up or paying someone else to do it for them.

This article will outline the three basic concepts you need to understand to set up a wireless router yourself. I'm going to show you how to do it without using the setup CD that comes with your router and without any of the fancy gadgets or push buttons designed to make setting up a wireless router easy. While these methods may seem easy on the surface they don't always work. They also keep you isolated from any understanding of what is actually going on. If a simple mistake is made you may get stuck and be forced to turn to someone else for help.

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Once you understand how to set up a wireless router you'll also understand how to set up just about any wireless device on the market including printers, game consoles, iPads etc.

The three basic concepts you need to understand about wireless routers and wireless networking security are:

1. Your SSID - Service Set Identifier. This is a big sounding word that simply means the name of your wireless network. It's best to change this from the default and give it a name that means something to you but means little to someone else. Something like ILHMAP for "I Love Home Made Apple Pie" is good.

2. Your Encryption Type - You need to understand the hierarchy of wireless encryption. It all started with WEP or Wired Equivalent Privacy. This came standard with most B and G routers. As computer processors speeds increased WEP became easier and easier to crack so a new standard came out call WPA. WPA uses TKIP as it's encryption. Soon after WPA came out WPA2 was introduced. WPA2 uses an even stronger form of encryption called AES. Some older operating systems and game consoles will only work with WEP. When you can you want to use WPA or WPA2. Many times you can choose WPA/WPA2 which allows you to use both types of encryption with the same password. This is a very popular choice when setting up security on a wireless router.

3. Your Pass phrase - This is also known as the password or "encryption key". It's often confused with the router password. The router password is simply the password you use to log into the router. The encryption key is what allows a computer, printer or other network device to connect or "associate" with the wireless router. WEP passwords are generated by typing in a word or phrase. The result is usually scrambled into something like "17B295FcA8". You then have to type these hexidecimal characters into each of your devices. Not very user-friendly. WPA and WPA2 do not generate difficult to remember hex numbers like WEP. You can simply type in 8-63 characters such as "My dog barks 2 loud". In this example spaces count as characters and the "M" in "My" MUST be capitalized.

Now that you understand the basic concepts involved with wireless networking let's put them to use.

All that's really left to do now is access the routers web interface and enter the parameters mentioned above.

In order to access the routers web interface you need to know three things.

1. The routers IP address.
2. The routers user name and password.
3. If you computer is on the same network as the routers IP address.

IP Address

The routers IP address is usually something like 192.168.0.1, 192.168.2.1 or even 10.0.0.1. The documentation that came with the router should provide this. If you don't have the documentation simply do a search engine search for "router make and model default IP."

Username And Password

The routers username and password is usually along the lines of "admin" and "password". If these don't work simply do a search engine search on "router make and model default password". If it's a second-hand router you may need to hard reset it to get it back to it's default. Hard resetting usually involves poking a paper clip into a tiny hole in the back of the router and holding it for 15 to 30 seconds and releasing. Once you release the router will reboot and return to it's factory default settings and you'll be able to use it's default username and password to log on.

Same Network?

If you computer is on the same network as the routers IP address you'll be able to connect. If not you won't be able to connect. Network devices need to be on the same network to communicate with each other unless they're using a special configured router to join their separate networks. Once you know your routers default IP address simply go your computers command prompt and type in IPCONFIG. This will return your computers IP address.

If the first three "octets" of your routers IP and your computers IP line up your on the same network. If they don't you won't be able to connect.

Let's look at some examples of this:

If your routers default IP address is: 192.168.1.1 and your computer IP address is 192.168.0.4 you won't be able to connect.

A better illustration of this is as follows:

Same network:

192.168.1.3

192.168.1.30

Different network:

192.168.1.3

192.168.0.30

So if your PC is not on the same network as the router what do you do?

Simply connect one end of an ethernet cable to one of the four ports in the back of you router and the other to the network port in your PC and reboot.

When the computer reboots it will automatically pick up an IP from your routers built-in DHCP server that will allow you to connect to the router.

Now that all the stars are all properly aligned it's time to connect to the router.

To do this simply:

1. Enter your routers IP address into your favorite browser (IE, Chrome, Firefox etc.) and hit "enter".

2. Type in the username and password to access the router.

3. Find the "Wireless" or "Wireless Security" section in your router and enter the SSID, Encryption and Pass phrase parameters as discussed above.

That's it!

Once you're done you simply need to enter the pass phrase you created into the wireless utilities in each of your network devices. This is a simple matter of clicking or tapping on your SSID, entering you pass phrase and clicking on "connect!"

How to Set Up a Wireless Router

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Comparison of File Extensions TAR and SIS

The word 'tar' is probably derived as a result of its use in the tapes. The file extension TAR stands for files that came into existence for their usage in backup formats. TAR files were used initially in the devices such as backup tapes and other such back up devices.

However, TAR extension is used differently now. It is used more as a directory extension, to combine files and make them bigger and also perhaps, store them as an archive, or may be as a means to distribute. The extension is more popular with directory and storing dates.

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TAR files work differently on different operating systems. If you choose to work with TAR on Windows, you need to take the help of tools to download them. However, it works differently on Linux. Linux features have the compatibility to work with TAR files, and therefore it works best with TAR, without the need of adding additional tools. You should remember that such files have to be unzipped, before you could use them.

Do you know what file extension SIS stands for? 'Sis' stands for 'Software Installation Script'. One of the biggest misunderstandings people have about these files is their assumption of them as application ones. In reality they only work as storage files.

One similarity SIS files have with TAR is the features of archiving, otherwise, SIS files work differently. The format stores Symbian operating system, and the extension files also have been developed by Symbian. One of the significant features of SIS format is its use in mobiles. Mobile phones use this extension to download Symbian operating systems.

Comparison of File Extensions TAR and SIS

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MATCH Function in Microsoft Excel

Excel offers a function for finding specific data in column or row called MATCH. This function will allow you to find the location within an array, versus the LOOKUP functions that provide information related to the data you are seeking but in another column or row (you can use the LOOKUP function to return values in the same column or row, but the MATCH function shortens it a bit).

The format of the MATCH function is:

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=MATCH (lookup_value,lookup_array,match_type).

The lookup_value is the item you want to find within the lookup_array, like finding "apple" in a range of fruits or "green" in a list of colors. The match_type can be 1, 0 or 1. If the match_type is left blank, then it is assumed to equal 1. By using 1, MATCH will return the exact value or the value that is the largest value less than the specific item for which you are searching. In this case, the array must be in ascending order. Conversely, using -1 will provide he value that is immediately larger than the item for which you are searching, if no exact value exists. If you use -1, the array must be in descending order. If the match_type is 0, only an exact match is accepted, and if no exact match is available, #N/A! is returned. With match_type set to 0, the array can be in any order.

The order is important, because the 1 or -1 is dependent on how the data is presented. If, for example, you have a range of data in a non-sequential order, you will get the wrong answer. Let's assume that the array contains the following data:

1, 4, 7, 2, 21, 14, 5, 32, 6.

If you enter the formula =MATCH(6,1, 4, 7, 2, 21, 14, 5, 32, 6), you will get the answer 2. Clearly there is a number 6 at the end of the array, but because it is not an exact search and the data is not in order, the MATCH formula produces an answer you do not want. If you modify the formula to read =MATCH(6,1, 4, 7, 2, 21, 14, 5, 32, 6,0), the answer will be 9, which is the correct location. So remember that for a NON-exact search, the order is imperative.

Once I learned to better incorporate the lookup functions, the MATCH function lost its relevance for many applications. In addition, when counting and summing, the array multiplication formulas work much better, and I will be discussing that in later articles. The point is that MATCH is good for a very limited set of basic inquiries, but ultimately, it is likely easily replaced by LOOKUP or other means. For now, it is a decent way to familiarize with the methodology Excel uses.

Finally, another formula used to determine the exact match that the MATCH formula uses, is, not surprisingly, EXACT. The format for this formula is = EXACT(text1,text2). This formula is not case sensitive, and straightforward in construct. This is another formula that is not entirely useful in most instances, because the double equal sign (= =) accomplishes the same result. For example, =EXACT(A1,B1) is the same as the formula =A1= = B1. Thus, the latter is as easy to use as the actual EXACT formula. The only rationale for mentioning this formula is to remind you that there are a myriad of formulas Excel provides, but some that may never be used or are easily replaced by better, more flexible formulas. The more experience you have in financial modeling, the more easily you will understand which formulas are the appropriate to use under the specific circumstances of your model.

MATCH Function in Microsoft Excel

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Create Lovely Microsoft Word Borders With Plain Fonts and Horizontal Lines

Did you know that you can create great looking borders for your Microsoft Word documents by using nothing but the fonts that already exist on your machine?

Here are a few combinations that you can use to create TOP and BOTTOM borders and sectional dividers for your all your documents.

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To pick a certain font, select Format > Font from your main menu and then pick the font listed in the Font dialog box.

Then press the below-listed keys repeatedly to create a graphic border.

With WINGDINGS font:

v (lower case) + u (L.C.) - creates a very pleasing Argyle pattern.

t (L.C.) - creates a Narrow-Argyle pattern.

w (L.C.) - creates a Tiny-Argyle pattern.

Y (upper case) - Star of David pattern.

J (U.C.) - Smiling Face pattern.

N (U.C.) - Skulls and Bones pattern.

Z (L.C.) - Butterfly pattern.

a (L.C.) + w (lower case) - Pisces and Argyle pattern.

% - Ringing Bell pattern.

With ZAPF DINGBATS font:

O (U.C.) - Waving Flag pattern.

n (L.C.) + m (L.C.) - Squares and Circles pattern.

M (U.C.) - Bomb with Fuse pattern.

A (U.C.) - Victory "V" Salute pattern.

C (U.C.) - Thumbs Up pattern.

Left Squared Bracket KEY - Ying-and-Yang Symbol pattern.

Right Squared Bracket KEY - Hindu Chakra pattern.

W (U.C.) - Celtic Cross pattern.

Q (U.C.) - Airplane Flying pattern.

R (U.C.) + T (U.C.) - Sun and Snowflake pattern.

You can also take advantage of MS Word's HORIZONTAL LINE function to separate your paragraphs, text sections or chapters with pleasant looking lines.

Select Format > Borders and Shading.

Then click the Horizontal Line button at the bottom to display the Horizontal Line clip-art collection.

Select the pattern you like, click OK and the horizontal line will be inserted into your text at the point where your cursor is.

Create Lovely Microsoft Word Borders With Plain Fonts and Horizontal Lines

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